The device is called an oscilloscope which is frequently used in medical treatment. Used to measure changes in electrical voltage with time. They helped the transition from the industrial age to the digital.ģ. Vacuum tubes were initially used in the place of silicon transistors in electronics. In old displays, vacuum tubes were used by directing the beam of electrons using deflection plates, then the beam causes fluorescence on the screen which we see as white.Ģ. So, the cathode ray experiment is also commonly known as J.J. However, cathode rays also exhibit wave-like characteristics in crystal lattice experiments. The rays of electrons can also pass through thin metal foil. The above modified experiments were performed by J.J. Cathode rays can be deflected by an electric field, which is evidence of it being composed of electron particles rather than photons. This also helped scientists in finding the charge of electrons. Hence, energy of electron at point A = energy of electron at point B Applying a Magnetic FieldĬathode rays also get deflected from their path if a magnetic field is applied. At point B the electron stops due to the activation of stopping potential, so we apply the law of conservation of energy between the two points. When electrons move from one point to another, say from A to B. When we apply electric field in parallel but in the opposite direction to the cathode rays and if it is sufficiently high for the cathode rays to stop, then the magnitude of the applied voltage is called stopping potential. The magnitude of deviation is proportional to the magnitude of the electric field. When cathode rays hit from the cathode travel towards the anode and hit the anode, a fluorescence or glow is produced.Ĭathode ray deviates from its path due to the application of an electric field. When a high voltage is applied between the two electrodes of an evacuated discharge tube and the back of anode of the discharge tube is coated with a material, like zinc sulfide. Thomson theorized that the traces of gas remaining in the tube were being turned into an electrical conductor by the cathode rays themselves, and managed to. They were later named electronsafter particles postulated by George Johnstone Stoney. Thomson measured the weight of cathode rays and showed that they were actually a beam of particles. German scientists Eilhard Wiedemann, Heinrich Hertz and Goldstein said they were some new form of electromagnetic radiation. Scientists Crooks and Arthur Schuster said they were electrically charged atoms. Scientists came up with two theories regarding cathode rays when they were originally discovered. Eugene Goldstein was the one who actually gave cathode rays their name. Cathode rays were first identified by a German physicist named Johann Hittorf when he realized that something was travelling through the tube.
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